As one of the four world famous civilizations, the Chinese civilization (or Huaxia civilization) has a long history of more than 5,000 years (beginning with the legendary period of Emperor Huangdi), which is known to people around the world for its vast territory with rich resources and large populations.
Generally speaking, the glorious Chinese civilization has two direct sources, one is the Yellow River civilization and the other is the Yangtze River civilization, both of which contribute to the communication, integration and sublimation of the entire Chinese civilization. Some historians assume that the definition of “historical period” begins with the appearance of Chinese characters, before which it should be called the prehistoric period. Legends said that Fu Xi (the legendary figure) created the eight diagrams and Cang Jie created the ancient Chinese characters during the reign of Emperor Huangdi, and the inscriptions on oracle bones from 3,000 years ago, the inscription on pottery from between 4,000 years ago. years. ago and the fuzzy symbols from 5,000 years ago on the walls of the caves unearthed in recent years.
From the perspective of political and social patterns, archaeological documents show that Central China had passed from matriarchal clan society to patriarchal society from the later period of the later Peiligang Culture (7,000 years ago) and the early period of the Peiligang Culture. Yangshao (6,000 years). does), which directly resulted in the imbalance of social equality.
It is recorded that the monarch’s hereditary system was formed from the Xia dynasty (2070 BC-1600 BC), and the well-established feudalism in the western Zhou dynasty (1046 BC-771 BC .) fell apart in the Spring and Autumn Period (770 BC -476 BC) and the Warring States Period (475 BC-221 BC). As the wheel of history advances into the Qin dynasty (221-206), Emperor Qinshihuang unified the entire country and established the first unitary state in Chinese history by defeating his opponents one after another, introducing a uniformity of weights and measures, coins and Chinese characters throughout the country. The tradition of scholar-bureaucrats ruling the country took shape from the Western Han Dynasty (206-25), which lasted until the Qing Dynasty (1616-1911) and still has substantial influence on Chinese politics today. The Revolution led by Sun Yet-sen in 1911 resulted in the collapse of the Qing dynasty, ending the autocratic feudal monarchy of 2,000 years and establishing the ROC, which was one of the most important events in modern Chinese history. . The Kuomintang led by Chiang Kai-shek launched the Chinese civil war in 1945, defeated and overthrown by the Chinese Communist Party led by Mao Zedong in three years. The People’s Republic of China was established on October 1, 1949 with Mao Zedong as its first president, and has become increasingly prosperous in all respects since the reform and opening-up policies of 1989, which are advancing by leaps and bounds now. .